cheerios

Question

(Sorry to keep repeating the subject, but I want to make sure I understand.) Are cheerios a tavshil or do you say adama? if so what about a cookie or a pretzel are they not a tavshil. basically please explain what the gemara means by tavshil so we can know which items are adama Also, especially with the new O-U dairy thing, it is sometimes hard to be sure if something is dairy or parve. Are there any ingredients that can be dairy that the general public may not realize when we read ingriedients. I have compiled so far that milk (and anything containing the word milk ie milk solids, milk powder, buttermilk, etc.) cheese, butter are dairy. whey, cassein, are not. are there any ingredients that you can think of that sound dairy but aren't. Thank you